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The National Anthem of Canada 加拿大國歌( "O Canada"曲譜 )
- 領土面積Land Mass
- 首都Capita
- 省與領地Provinces and Territories
- 地理Geography
- 河川Rivers
- 國家象徵National Emblem
- 國歌歷史National Anthem
- 人口Population
- 主要都市Main Cities
- 城鄉人口Urban and Rural Population
- 平均壽命Life Expectancy
- 生活標準Living Standard
- 健保與社會安全Health Care and Social Security
- 原住民First Nations
- 人種之由來Ethnic Origin
- 文化Culture
- 教育Education
- 文盲Adult Literacy
- 運動Sports
- 自然資源Main Natural Resources
- 生產毛額Gross Domestic Product
- 領先的工業Leading Industries
- 出口Exports
- 進口Imports
- 貨幣Currency
- 家庭規模Family Size
- 氣候Climate
- 國家公園和古蹟National Parks and Historic Sites
- 山脈Mountain Ranges
- 湖泊Lakes
- 時區Time Zonest
- 政治系統Political System
- 語言Languages
- 信仰Religion
國歌歌詞O Canada!
Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons command.With glowing hearts we see thee rise,
The True North strong and free!From far and wide,
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.God keep our land glorious and free!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
The Status of Canada 有關加拿大
At 9, 970, 610 km², Canada is the world's second-largest country, surpassed only by the Russian Federation. Canada comprises 7% of the world's land mass, and 9% of its fresh water supply. Of a total of over ten million square kilometres, over nine million are land and 755 000 fresh water.
加拿大以她的領土面積共九百九十七萬零六百一十平方公里，為僅次於蘇聯的世界第二大國家。她佔全世界所有領土的百分之七，以及百分之九的淡水供應。
Ottawa, in the province of Ontario. 渥太華，位於安大略省
Canada has 10 provinces and 2 territories, each with its own capital city (in brackets): Alberta (Edmonton); British Columbia (Victoria); Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown); Manitoba (Winnipeg); New Brunswick (Fredericton); Nova Scotia (Halifax); Ontario (Toronto); Quebec (Quebec City); Saskatchewan (Regina); Newfoundland (St. John's); Northwest Territories (Yellowknife) and Yukon Territory (Whitehorse).
Canada will have a new Northern territory in 1999, when the present Northwest Territories will be divided in two. The eastern two-thirds of the existing Northwest Territories will be known as Nunavut. In the Inuit language of Inukkiut, Nunavut means "Our Land." The creation of this new territory is the result of an agreement made between the Inuit and the Canadian Government regarding land settlement and Aboriginal rights. Nunavut will encompass almost one quarter of Canada's land mass, (2 242 000 square kilometres). Statistics Canada estimates that 24 900 people lived in the proposed Nunavut territory in 1995. The largest centres are the town of Iqaluit (population 4 300 in 1995) and the hamlet of Rankin Inlet (population 2 100). In December of 1995, Nunavut residents chose Iqaluit to be their capital.
加拿大的首都位於渥太華，分為十個省及兩個領地，他們的首府分別為亞柏達省 Alberta (愛民頓Edmonton); 卑斯省British Columbia (維多利亞Victoria); 愛德華王子島省Prince Edward Island (查洛特鎮Charlottetown); 曼尼託巴省Manitoba (溫尼珮格Winnipeg); New Brunswick新布朗斯維克 (Fredericton福瑞德利克頓); Nova Scotia諾瓦史克夏省 (Halifax哈里菲克斯); Ontario安大略省 (Toronto多倫多); Québec魁北克省 (Québec City魁北克市); Saskatchewan沙斯克奇萬省 (Regina里介那市); Newfoundland and Labrador鈕芬蘭省 (St. John's聖瓊斯市); Northwest Territories西北領地 (Yellowknife黃刀) and Yukon Territory育空領地 (Whitehorse白馬)﹔1999年起現有的西北領地將會分成兩部分，另外成立一新的領地政府 The Nunavut government，居民約為 24 900人，面積為2 242 000平方公里(約佔全國面積的四分之一)，首府將設在f Iqaluit (人口 在1995年的時候為4 300人)。
Diversity is the keynote of Canada's geography, which includes fertile plains suitable for agriculture, vast mountain ranges, lakes and rivers. Wilderness forests give way to arctic tundra in the Far North.
加拿大地理特色是多樣化，包括：適合農耕的肥沃平原，廣大的山區，湖泊與河川。原生森林一直延伸到極遠的北方始由極地草原取代。Canada's 37 national parks are spread throughout the country. Banff, located on the eastern slopes of Alberta's Rocky Mountains, is the oldest, having opened in 1885, while Vuntut in the northern Yukon was established as recently as 1993.
加拿大的三十七個國家公園分布於整個國家。班芙國家公園位於亞伯達省落磯山脈的東面坡，是最早開發的(1885年)，最近開發的是位於育空北部的Vuntut國家公園(1993年)。
The St. Lawrence River, which is 3058 km long, provides a seaway for ships from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The Mackenzie is the longest river, flowing 4241 km through the Northwest Territories. The Yukon and the Columbia, parts of which flow through U.S. territory, the Nelson, the Saskatchewan, the Peace and the Churchill are also major watercourses.
St. Lawrence河(3058公里長)提供了連通大湖區與大西洋的航道。最長的Mackenzie河綿延4241公里橫亙西北領地。
The maple leaf has been associated with Canada since the 1700s. It has become the country's most important symbol since the national flag was introduced in 1965.
自十八世紀起，楓葉就已經與加拿大聯想在一起，1956年後，它更因加拿大國旗之訂定而成為加拿大最重要的象徵。加拿大的節日與象徵
O Canada was proclaimed the national anthem on July 1, 1980, a century after being sung for the first time.
O Canada在1980年七月一日成為加拿大的國歌。
At the time of the June 1996 census, Canada's population was 28.8 million. This represents an increase of 1.5 million, or 5.7% since the June 1991 census. This growth in population has been attributed, in equal degree, to both immigration and natural increase (births minus deaths). Between 1991 and 1996, the population of Canada grew at an average annual rate of 1.1%, this being the highest annual average growth rate of all G-7 industrialized nations. Canada represents approximately 0.5% of the global population.
根據1996年六月的統計，加拿大共有二千八百八十萬人口。比1991年的統計增加了一百五十萬人(5.7%)，這包括了移民及人口自然成長，1991年∼1996年間平均增加率為1.5%，是七大工業國家中最高的成長率，約佔全球人口的0.5%。
According to the 1996 census, the leading Canadian cities are Toronto (4.26 million), Montreal (3.33 million), Vancouver (1.83 million), Ottawa-Hull, the National Capital Region (1.01million) and Edmonton (0.86 million).
根據1996年的統計，領先加拿大的城市是多倫多(四百二十六萬人)，蒙特婁(三百三十三萬人)，溫哥華(一百八十三萬)，渥太華(一百零一萬人)以及愛民頓(八十六萬人)。
The majority of Canadians, 76.6 percent, live in cities and towns, while 23.4 percent live in rural areas. According to the 1991 census, 31 percent of the population (8.61 million people) live in the three largest cities of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.
大多數(76.6%)加拿大人住在城鎮地區，另外23.4%則住在郊區。根據1991年的統計，31%的人口(八百六十一萬人)住在上述三個最大的城市裡。
Canadians' life expectancy at birth is 74.9 years for males and 81.2 years for females. This ranks among the world's longest.
加拿大人的平均壽命是全世界最高的，男性為74.9歲，女性為81.2歲 。
Only five countries have a higher standard of living than does Canada. These are the United States, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Germany and Japan. Canada ranks higher than the United States in terms of life expectancy, and higher than Japan in terms of education. Consequently, the United Nations has ranked Canada as the highest on its "Human Development Index." More than 65% of Canadians own their own homes. An even higher percentage of Canadians own durable goods such as automobiles, refigerators, washing machines, televisions, telephones and radios. Telephone service is virtually universal in Canada. Sixteen million access lines bring service to 99 percent of Canadian homes. With one of the best telecommunications systems in the world, Canadians are increasingly hooking into the information highway. In 1995, close to 30 percent of households had home computers, and over 40 percent of those computers were equipped with modems for accessing the internet.
加拿大的生活標準僅次於美國，瑞士，盧森堡，德國和日本，加拿大在平均壽命上高於美國，在教育上高於日本，聯合國更時常給予加拿大在"Human Development Index."最高評價，超過65%的人擁有房屋，更高比例的人擁有耐久財９(汽車，電冰箱，電視，收音機，電話)，加拿大有世界最好的電話系統之一，經由一百六十萬條線路連通百分之九十九的家庭，1995年時，有百分之四十的家庭擁有電腦，其中百分之三十有數據機連通網際網路。
All Canadians have free access to health care, with the exception of dental services. Most people over 65 and social aid recipients receive the majority of their prescription drugs free of charge. According to the 1994 National Population Health Survey, 62% of the adult Canadian population rated their health as excellent or very good. Also in 1994, 77% of Canadian adults reported that they had consulted a physician at least once in the previous year. Fifty-five percent reported having visited a dentist, 35% an eye specialist, and 27% had seen other types of health specialists.
所有加拿大人都可自由加入醫牙以外的健康保險，超過65歲和接受社會援助的人可享有免費的處方藥物。根據1994年的國際人口健康調查，62%的加拿大成人的健康情形被評為非常好或很好。Canadian governments spent an estimated $48 billion on health care in 1993-94. This means a total of almost $1,700 was spent on health services for each Canadian. This placed Canada as second in the world to the United States in terms of health care expenditures. Canada also has an extensive social security network including old age pension, family allowance, unemployment insurance and welfare.
在1993∼1994年間，加拿大政府估計花費了四百八十億在醫療照顧上，這表示花費在每一個加拿大人身上約為一千七百元，這是僅次於美國的支出。加拿大也有廣泛的社會安全網路，包括：老年津貼，家庭補助，失業救濟金，社會保險和福利。
In 1991, 533 000 Canadians were either status or non-status Indians. Four percent of Canadians (over one million Canadians) report Aboriginal ancestry. However, only 626,000 individuals identify themselves exclusively as members of the three Aboriginal groups recognized by the Constitution Act, 1982: North American Indian (460 680), Inuit (36 215) or Métis (135 265). Among these groups, 171,000 people still speak one of the more than 50 remaining Aboriginal languages.
Ontario had the highest concentration of Aboriginal peoples -- 243 550 -- but the Northwest Territories had the highest proportion: more than 60 percent of its population is of Aboriginal descent.
Only 295 032 Canadian Aboriginals live on reserves or in settlements.
Canadians, including Aboriginals, who claim something other than British or French as their origin represent 42 percent of the population, or 11 million people. Among the largest ethnic groups are the German, Italian, Ukrainian, Dutch, Polish, Chinese, South Asian, Jewish, West Indian, Portuguese and Scandinavian.
The Aboriginal cultures are the only truly indigenous cultures of Canada, since all other Canadians were originally immigrants. They began moving to Canada in the 17th century, bringing with them their manner of dress, food preferences and customs. Canada opened its doors to immigration from all over the world in the early 20th century; in 1988, the multicultural character of the country was officially recognized when the Government passed the Multiculturalism Act.
The educational system varies from province to province and includes six to eight years of elementary school, four or five years of secondary school and three or four years at the university undergraduate level. The 1991 census revealed that among Canadians aged 15 and over, 56.9 percent had attended secondary school, 31.7 percent had gone to a trade school or other type of post-secondary institution, and 1.9 million -- 11.4 percent of the population -- had a university degree.
According to 1994 data, literacy is strongly related to formal education in Canada. As we move into the information age, literacy becomes increasingly important. Literacy rates in Canada compare favourably to those in other industrialized nations. In fact, the United Nations estimates that out of one hundred Canadian adults, all but one are able to read, write and understand a simple sentence. This represents as high a rate of adult literacy as anywhere in the world.
The most popular sports in Canada include swimming, ice hockey, cross-country and alpine skiing, baseball, tennis, basketball and golf. Ice hockey, Canadian football and baseball are the favourite spectator sports.
The principal natural resources are natural gas, oil, gold, coal, copper, iron ore, nickel, potash, uranium and zinc, along with wood and water.
The GDP measures the value of all goods and services produced by a country during a year. Canada's GDP was $577.8 billion US dollars in 1996.
These include automobile manufacturing, pulp and paper, iron and steel work, machinery and equipment manufacturing, mining, extraction of fossil fuels, forestry and agriculture.
Canadian exports valued $274.88 billion Canadian in 1996. These included transportation equipment, capital equipment, pulp and paper, fuels, wood, minerals and aluminum.
Canada's imports totalled $232.94 billion Canadian in 1996. This includes transportation equipment, capital equipment, electronics and plastics.
The Canadian dollar is divided into 100 cents.
一加元等於一百加分，共分為一分(peny),五分(nickle),十分(dime),25分(quarter),一元(loonie),二元(twonie),一般流通的紙幣面額為五元，十元，二十元，五十元，一百元，其他面額較少使用。
At the time of the 1996 national census, the average family size was 3.1 persons, including 1.3 children. Family size has remained unchanged since the 1991 census.
There are of course many climatic variations in this huge country, ranging from the permanently frozen icecaps north of the 70th parallel to the luxuriant vegetation of British Columbia's west coast. On the whole, though, Canada has four very distinct seasons, especially in the regions lying along the U.S. border.
Daytime summer temperatures can rise to 35 °C and higher, while lows of -25 are not uncommon in winter. More moderate temperatures are the norm in spring and fall.
The Canadian government has set aside more than 100 national parks and historic sites in honour of the people, places and events that have marked the country's history. Similarly, the provincial governments may form provincial parks.
As one might expect, Canada's terrain incorporates a number of mountain ranges: the Torngats, Appalachians and Laurentians in the east; the Rocky, Coastal and Mackenzie ranges in the west; and Mount St. Elias and the Pelly Mountains in the north. At 6050 m, Mount Logan in the Yukon is Canada's tallest peak.
The main lakes, in order of the surface area located in Canada, (many large lakes are traversed by the Canada-U.S. border), are Huron, Great Bear, Superior, Great Slave, Winnipeg, Erie and Ontario. Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories is the largest lake situated entirely in Canada; its area is 31 326 km².
Canada has six time zones. The easternmost, in Newfoundland, is three hours and 30 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The other time zones are the Atlantic, the Eastern, the Central, the Rocky Mountain and, farthest west, the Pacific, which is eight hours behind GMT.
Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal state with a democratic parliament. The Parliament of Canada, in Ottawa, consists of the House of Commons, whose members are elected, and the Senate, whose members are appointed. On average, members of Parliament are elected every four years.
Census data from 1991 indicates English as the mother tongue of 16.1 million Canadians, and French, the language of 6.5 million. These are Canada's two official languages. However, many Canadians have a mother tongue other than English or French, including Italian, Chinese, German, Portuguese, Polish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Greek or other languages. In 1991, Aboriginal languages were reported as mother tongue by 193 000 Canadians. English-French bilingualism increased dramatically within Canada from 1951 to 1991. The number of bilingual Canadians more than doubled during this period, rising from 1.7 million to 4.4 million, while the proportion rose from 12% to 16%.
The majority of Canadians are Christian. According to the 1991 census, 12.3 million Canadians identified themselves as Catholics and 9.8 million as Protestants. Other religions include Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism. About 12% of Canadians (3.3 million) stated that they had no religious affiliation whatsoever. This represents a 90% increase since 1981.
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